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In “high-risk” infants with sufficient vitamin d status at birth, infant vitamin D supplementation had no effect on allergy outcomes: A randomized controlled trialEarly infancy oral vitamin D supplementation does not appear to reduce the development of early childhood allergic disease
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Characteristics of TCR Repertoire Associated With Successful Immune Checkpoint Therapy ResponsesImmunotherapies have revolutionized cancer treatment. In particular, immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) leads to durable responses in some patients with some cancers. However, the majority of treated patients do not respond. Understanding immune mechanisms that underlie responsiveness to ICT will help identify predictive biomarkers of response and develop treatments to convert non-responding patients to responding ones. ICT primarily acts at the level of adaptive immunity. The specificity of adaptive immune cells, such as T and B cells, is determined by antigen-specific receptors.
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Do rapid diagnostic methods improve antibiotic prescribing in paediatric bacteraemia?Rapid blood culture pathogen identification facilitated by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight and GeneXpert has the potential to improve antibiotic prescribing. This study investigates the impact of these rapid diagnostics on the timeliness of effective and optimal antibiotic prescribing in paediatric patients with bacteraemia.
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Systematic assessment of tissue dissociation and storage biases in single-cell and single-nucleus RNA-seq workflowsSystematic comparison of recovered cell types and their transcriptional profiles across the workflows has highlighted protocol-specific biase
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COPD-related modification to the airway epithelium permits intracellular residence of nontypeable haemophilus influenzaeOur findings indicate that COPD, cigarette smoke and macrolide antibiotics potentiate the susceptibility to persistent intracellular NTHi
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Immune function during early adolescence positively predicts adult facial sexual dimorphism in both men and womenOur results support a fundamental assumption that facial sexual dimorphism is an indicator of immune function during the development of facial sexual dimorphism
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Decreased Physical Working Capacity in Adolescents With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Associates With Reduced Iron AvailabilityIn a well-defined cohort of adolescents, we found non-alcoholic fatty liver disease to be associated with decreased cardiorespiratory fitness, independent of BMI
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Barriers and enablers of health service utilisation for childhood skin infections in remote aboriginal communities of Western AustraliaHealth service utilisation in this setting may be enhanced by improving general awareness of the significance of childhood skin infections
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Controlled human infection for vaccination against Streptococcus pyogenes (CHIVAS): Establishing a group A Streptococcus pharyngitis human infection studyWe review the Group A Streptococcus Human infection studies and present the study protocol for a dose-ranging inpatient study in healthy adults
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Discrete choice experiment to evaluate preferences of patients with cystic fibrosis among alternative treatment-related health outcomes: A protocolThe aim of this study is to identify and quantify the preferences of patients with cystic fibrosis regarding treatment outcomes